The great god Horus was one of the most popular gods of ancient Egypt.
At least a 1,000 years before Egypt was unified a new group of people entered Egypt called the Followers of Horus. Whether from southern Africa, the Sahara are from the Red Sea area we don't know, but they settled in Upper Egypt and opposed the Followers of Set in the Delta. Eventually the Followers of Horus united Egypt and their king, Narmer or Menes became the first king of Dynastic Egypt, and the Horus name of the king started being used.
Who was Horus the Hawk or Falcon God? We are especially blessed since the Temple of Horus at Edfu is the best preserved temple in ancient Egypt, and on its walls contains such things as the different forms and powers of Horus, the names of the books in the Temple lib- rary, many rituals, hymns, and parts of the types of initiations.
First and foremost, perhaps, Horus was a sky god, whose right eye was the Sun and whose left eye was the Moon, and where we came up with the concept of the right side being solar, the left, lunar. Associated with the hawk soaring over the land, and his eyes being the Sun and Moon, came his attributes as "All-Seeing, All-Knowing", yet not inter- fering unless he chooses to, or is summoned (like a Master of Falcons summons his Hawk or Falcon).
Probably associated with the idea of a Falconer being protected by his birds, Horus is one of the most popular gods of Protection.
Now remember that we have to speak in generalities, for Horus had over 24 different forms with associated aspects, so invoking one form would not necessarily get you another one of his powers (now you can understand why I am writing a book explaining all of this fully!).
Horus was also the patron god of martial arts, and a couple of his temples, and their colleges taught military warfare, strategy,
legends had a persea tree with a cat with a knife leaping on a spotted serpent and cutting off its head. During solar eclipses people would gather in the streets and shake knives and rattle sistrums in an effort to spur on the celestial cat and to terrify the threatening serpent in their struggle beside the Tree of Life.
From the cat's identification with the sun arisen the "cat's cradle", a name given to certain string-games. The cats cradle was used to control the movement of the Sun through sympathetic magic.
Sekhmet was combined with Bast and Ra for a triparte goddess combining the attributes and powers of all three. It was a combination made for ceremonial magic only, as there is no public worship of Sekhmet-Bast-Ra at an individual level.
Are you soaking this all in with no questions? Remember the story about the cat and the Persea tree that I just related? You should have asked about the Persea tree and if this Egyptian Tree of Life is or can be grown in the U.S. and if we know it by another name. Come on, ask, come on, come, after all, its the Cat's Meow! There are two sacred trees in ancient Egypt. I mean SACRED! One is the acacia (which varieties grows all over the US. The other is the Persea. There are only 2 variet- ies of Persea in the entire world. One is the Egyptian persea, which I have no idea if it bears fruit. The other variety of Persea (which by Egyptian thought would be just as sacred) bears fruit. The other varieties common name is AVOCADO! That's right, the avocado is a sacred tree of the ancient Egyptians. So the next time that you are preparing to eat guacamole, remember that you are eating a sacred dip! The green avocado would probably also be sacred to Osiris and any other god/dess of vegetation. The ancient Egyptians usually made their wands out of acacia or persea, so if you have any of these trees, you can make yourself an Egyptian wand. Also remember that if you trim your tree, use the branches in the firep- lace for a sacred fire!
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To relate a story, true: When I was married my wife and I brought home a tabby, and a very young boy, about 5 came up and wanted to pet the cat. He asked me what was her name, and I replied that we haven't named it yet, what would he suggest? He said Abaton. I replied that I would consider it, thinking that it was a strange name for a kid to come up with ("out of the mouths of babes...). About 3 days later, I was going over a book of cities and towns in ancient Egypt, and on a whim
tactics, and all sorts of fighting, the officer corps or military west point of ancient Egypt. this is one of Egypt's tradition.
Another tradition in which Horus figures prominently is Alchemy. Ptah, Horus, and Thoth were the leaders in the Egyptian school of Alchemy.
Although Horus, during the New Kingdom and later was especially popular as the Son of Isis, remember that that designation is only one of his many forms.
His real consort was Hathor. and Hathor means House of Horus. During one festival, the statue of Horus was removed from his sanc- tuary and sailed down the Nile in all the pomp and circumstance re- quired and was put into Hathor's temple at Denderah for a connubial visit.
One of the most powerful forms of Protection Rituals in Ancient Egypt was invoking the four Sons of Horus as the four directions, and Horus as the Protector (and/or as the Avenger). In fact, the most common form of invocation of the four directions was the 4 sons of Horus; For women however, there are 2-3 sets of goddesses of the four directions.
While the four sons are associated with various parts of the human body, stomach, liver, etc., Horus himself is associated with the Eyes (it figures, doesn't it?), but not the third eye (which is one or both goddesses, Uatchet and Nekhibet). Sometimes used for astral sight, there are actually two ways to get to his heaven, by turning your astral body into a hawk, or a boat with a hawk on it.
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INTERESTING QUOTES
Note that I will use the term god in place of neter, but if you are goddess oriented, you can use that instead.
Early Egyptian saying:
Put not thy faith in length of years, For the Gods regard a lifetime as but an hour; A man remains over after reaching the haven of Death. His deeds are laid beside him for all treasure. He who has reached it without wrongdoing, Shall continue yonder like a god, Stepping forward like a Lord of Eternity.
God does not confine his favor to the prosperous and the powerful. He bestows it also upon the poor. His will is that they be fed and clothed, and exempted from tasks beyond their strength.
That they may not be oppressed, and unnecessary tears be spared them.
From Rameses II:
The mortal person is a manifestation on earth of His Divine Spirit.
Splendid actions and great deeds are worthy and precious to the gods. but the tasks the Gods alone see- they surpass all.
The Ways to God are as many as the breaths in the bodies of men.
Quote from the entrance to the College of Priests, Temple of Horus at Edfu, Egypt:
"Knowledge is the Way to Life; The Way to Life leads to the Way to God. The Way to God leads to Inner Knowledge. Inner Knowledge leads to Wisdom. Wisdom becomes Life."
The Egyptian word "Neter" is neutral and literally translates as "Abstract Principle" or "Divine Principle."
Ancient Egypt had no conception of the Ultimate as being either male or female, for to them, the Ultimate Deity combined both sexes. It's only when the "Divine Principle" starts descending down through the planes that male and female deities begin.
Ancient Egypt, for those who don't know, may have had a god, or a goddess as a national deity (worshipped during national holidays, etc), and a god or a goddess has head of a city or nome (state); such as Bast, head of Bubastis; but to the Egyptians, god and goddess were CO-PARTNERS, were in reality none was above the other (exceptions might be during certain festivals, or the Sun goddess rules during the day, the Moon God during the night; that's right, many male moon gods and many female solar goddesses!).
ps. Although that inscription was found at the College of the Temple of Horus, it did not directly refer to Horus, or Heru by name, there- fore, "Divine Principle" is the logical translation since they did use the word "neter" in the saying.
The material body: the spirits of the heart is called Hati. Of hear- ing, Setem; of sight, Maa; of taste, Hu; of touch, Saa; of the mat- erial body, Khat.
The astral or Inner Self: Setem, compassion, the ability to feel rightly. Maa, justice, the ability to perceive rightly. Hu, command, divine utterance. Saa, perception, knowledge, understanding. Heka, magic. Ab, the seat of life, source of will and intentions. Ka, the astral body; principle of the body and protective genius. Khu, the intellect; low form Khu, highest intellect.
Then we have the Khaibit, or Dweller; the Shadow, the part before, at and after the Dweller of the Threshold.
Higher up, the Ba, soul, sublime, and multi-leveled.
Next comes the Sahu, part of the spiritual self and is the spiritual body otherwise called the spiritual body.
There is also the sekem; lower force; the power of forms, names, and life.
There is also the Sa, the higher force, essential energy of all.
To give you an idea of the complexity of it all:
Touch: Saa (Sia) god of feeling, knowledge, understanding, intel-ligence. Personification of perception, to feel, to understand (comes from Memphis and the Ptah/Sekhmet/Nefertum triad). As Saau-ur "The Great Intelligence: the cognitive reception of a situation, object or idea. Saau-ur is mentioned as early as the Vth dynasty. As Saa Amenti-Ra "The Intelligence of the Amenti of Ra" god of conscience and character.